茜茜之死
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茜茜之死 | 读书声
2016-03-23 迟小宝 哈牛堂
5:27
茜茜之死
来自哈牛堂
她是单纯美丽的贵族少女,她是盛极一时帝国的皇后。她的美丽跨越时空,在她死后一百几十年后,依然令世人念念不忘。
成为新娘的茜茜公主
她羞怯内向而不羁。皇族身份与其说是一份殊荣,倒不如说是一个沉重的枷锁。她的后半生一直在逃避自己的丈夫,婆婆和他们所代表的陈腐的宫廷。然而,即使如此,她也无法逃脱公众疯狂追随的视线,最终死于一个从八卦小报得到消息的刺客之手。
茜茜公主出生于德国巴伐利亚皇族之家。父亲是巴伐利亚的马科西米利安·约瑟夫公爵,他天性放荡不羁,虽然是显赫的贵族,却没有在朝廷担任任何职务。茜茜的母亲是巴伐利亚的路德维卡公主,也是茜茜未来的婆婆苏菲太后的妹妹。茜茜公主的性格深受父亲的影响,虽然出生就顶着女公爵的头衔,但是却逃脱了正统皇室教育的命运,在巴伐利亚乡间自由的,无拘无束的成长。
茜茜公主美丽的发髻是最被后世称道的——她满头柔顺光泽的砖色秀发,经常梳成两条编发
茜茜公主长到十五岁的时候,她的姐姐,十八岁的海伦已经到了适婚年龄。姨妈苏菲太后相中了海伦,希望她能够嫁给当时二十三岁的奥地利皇帝弗兰茨·约瑟夫一世。茜茜公主陪伴母亲和姐姐来到奥地利的度假胜地巴德伊舍,如果一切顺利的话,弗兰茨将在这里第一次见到苏菲,并且按照母亲的安排向她求婚。
然而,所有童话都有狗血的一面——当时还在为家族中一位姨妈服丧的姐妹两人受年轻的皇帝接见的时候都没有穿着传统的晚礼服,而是着黑色的丧服。海伦的黑发黑眼在黑色礼服的包裹中显得很不起眼,而高挑的茜茜却有着微红的金发,在黑色的对比映衬下更加美丽动人。
弗兰茨一下子就爱上了这个动人的少女,执意反抗母亲的旨意,宣布非茜茜不娶。苏菲太后虽然拗不过自己已经成年的儿子,但是心底却无法接受这个略显稚气的,内向顽固的外甥女做自己儿子的妻子。一年后,十六岁的茜茜嫁给了弗兰茨皇帝,成了奥地利皇后。
婚后,王子和公主度过了一段短暂的幸福生活。但是,如同任何一个狗血的韩剧一样,恶婆婆总是造成不幸婚姻的根源。茜茜不羁的性格,有违礼教的举止让苏菲太后十分看不惯,而茜茜很快就开始厌恶朝廷的繁文缛节,内向羞怯的她更是不喜欢被众人包围。她很快开始出现神经紧张的状况。
为了惩罚这个不听话的而细分,苏菲太后把茜茜相继出生的两个女儿从茜茜身边带走。未能生出男性继承人也让她在皇室中的地位愈加不稳。有一天,她在梳妆台上发现了一张充满恶意的小册子,上面这样写道:
...The natural destiny of a Queen is to give an heir to the throne. If the Queen is so fortunate as to provide the State with a Crown-Prince this should be the end of her ambition – she should by no means meddle with the government of an Empire, the care of which is not a task for women... If the Queen bears no sons, she is merely a foreigner in the State, and a very dangerous foreigner, too. For as she can never hope to be looked on kindly..
皇后的天命就是带给皇室一个继承人。如果皇后有幸为国家添一位王储,那么皇后便不应该再有其他野心 – 她不应该干涉国家的政务,这本不是女人应该关心的事情。如果皇后没有男嗣,她对于一个国家来说就不过是一个局外人而已——一个危险的局外人。人们将永远不会善待她……
茜茜公主酷爱骑装
1857年,不顾婆婆的反对,茜茜和丈夫带着两个年幼的女儿造访了匈牙利。两个女儿都染上了腹泻,其中两岁的大女儿苏菲公主(太后擅自给孙女取了自己的名字)很快不幸病逝了。虽然二女儿吉塞拉公主得以幸存,伤心欲绝的茜茜却再也无法给她同样的母爱。母女间关系一直十分冷漠。
1858年,21岁的茜茜终于生出了一个男嗣,就是后来的鲁道夫王储。王储的出生使得茜茜公主在朝廷中的地位得以稳固。思想开放,同情弱小的茜茜开始用她的政治影响力劝说弗兰茨皇帝对匈牙利采取温和的政策。
对于王储,太后自然更加重视。小王子一出生,茜茜便同自己的儿子分开了。愤怒伤心的茜茜公开反抗无果,这更加重了她贫血的症状,更有医生怀疑皇后已经患上了肺结核。茜茜离开了阴冷的维也纳,在南欧各处疗养胜地养病。自此,茜茜便难得回到维也纳,而且每次回去,都伴有沉重的精神压力造成的强烈的身体不适。
茜茜的丈夫最钟爱的一张画像
茜茜十六岁的时候就从一个天真无拘的少女嫁入深不可测的皇家,连子女都没有自己抚养的自由。她唯一一个可以控制的东西便是自己的外貌和体态。她身高达1.72米,一生都保持着50公斤以下的体重和19寸的细腰。她喜好运动,特别热爱马术,每天都要骑马数小时。她欧洲各处的行宫里都装有平衡木,供她练习。
茜茜一生都保留着一头浓密美丽的栗色卷发,梳成精致的编发。茜茜每天花在打理头发上的时间就超过三个小时。长发每两个星期会用特制的用鸡蛋和白兰地调成的“精华”保养一次,每次耗时一天。茜茜一般用护养头发的时间学习外语。她可以流利地讲英语、法语、匈牙利语和现代希腊语。
茜茜不喜欢当时在欧洲流行的浓妆风气,她很少化妆,也不喜欢用乳霜类护肤品。相反,她更喜欢各式花水对皮肤进行基本滋养。然而她对自己形象的保护到了令人无法理解的程度。32岁以后,她不再允许画师以她本人为模特,而是只让他们以她年轻时的画像作为蓝本。美人不愿以迟暮之态示人,我们直到今天也只能看到她年轻时的美丽,而无法看到她优雅的变老。
茜茜后半生几乎都在欧洲各地疗养,与丈夫刻意保持距离。她体谅丈夫孤单,反而支持他和一个女演员之间的亲密往来。原以为后半生可以平静度过,却未料想唯一的儿子,皇储鲁道夫以王室最难接受的方式死去了。
1889年,时年三十岁的鲁道夫不顾自己已经结婚的事实,和一个只有十八岁的外交官之女玛丽发生了婚外情。弗兰茨严厉要求自己的儿子结束这一段不伦之恋,心绪不平的鲁道夫带着情妇来到他的猎场别居,杀死她之后自杀。
后来调查证明,鲁道夫是一个情绪极不稳定的人,有许多情妇,且这一次事件并不是他第一试图带一名情妇共赴黄泉。在事件发生前一个月,他曾经劝说他的另外一个情妇跟随他一起自杀,遭到拒绝后,他才来找年轻无知的玛丽。
历史就是这样在不经意之间改变着前进的方向。鲁道夫皇储的去世使得奥匈帝国的王位继承人落到了弗兰茨的弟弟卡尔一支。卡尔成了王位继承人,但很快让位给他的长子,费迪南德大公。25年后,未及即位的费迪南德大公在1914年遇刺,直接造成了第一次世界大战的爆发。
茜茜一直未能从丧子之痛中恢复过来。令人欣慰的是,在生命的最后几年,她与丈夫之间似乎达成了某种谅解,两人从一对怨偶变成了相互理解的朋友。
失去唯一的儿子以后,爱美而一直走在时尚前端的茜茜开始多以素色示人,更加深居简出。
1955年,年仅17岁的奥地利女演员Romy Schneider 在德语电影
《茜茜公主》三部曲中扮演茜茜公主
我们今天来读一篇精致的小文章,一瞥当年这个绝顶风华的皇后华丽绚烂却也不失悲剧色彩的一生。
If the “50 Most Beautiful People” magazine edition had existed in her lifetime, Empress Elisabeth “Sisi” of Austria-Hungary would have graced its cover.
假如 “世界上最美的五十个人”的杂志版在她有生之年就已经存在,那么奥匈帝国的皇后伊丽莎白(茜茜)必已荣登封面。
Considered by many to be “the most beautiful woman in the world,” Sisi became something of a global sensation as a young bride, and the people maintained a frenzied fascination up until—and well beyond—the moment of her grisly death at the hands of an assassin.
茜茜被许多人认为是世界上最美的女人。她在还是一个年轻的新娘时就变成了全世界瞩目的焦点,而且人们一直保持着对她近乎疯狂的迷恋。这种迷恋一直持续到她死后很久。
Over the course of her very public life, Sisi filled many roles — imperial leader, royal wife, mother to the heir, celebrated equestrian, advocate for human rights to name a few — and yet Sisi is perhaps most remembered by posterity (and was most lauded in her lifetime) for her celebrated looks and venerated fashion sense. You might say that she was the first modern ruler to be a victim of ravenous and unrelenting media pursuit — the first victim of a modern paparazzi.
在茜茜备受关注的一生中,她充当了许多角色——帝国的领袖,皇室的妻子,王位继承人的母亲,著名的骑师,人权保护的倡导者—然而茜茜最被后世记得的(也是生前最被赞颂的)却是她出众的容貌和时尚品味。可以这么认为:她是现代统治者里第一个因媒体贪婪冷酷的尾随而丧生的牺牲品。
The spotlight began to shine the moment Austria’s eligible young leader, Emperor Franz Joseph, passed over an elder, more suitable sister and picked the fifteen-year-old Sisi to be his bride. As the young Bavarian duchess traveled to her groom’s capital city via barge, cheering crowds lined the entire water route, frantic to see for themselves the young girl who had bested all of Europe’s other blue-blooded bachelorettes.
当奥地利的年轻领袖佛朗茨•约瑟夫皇帝拒绝迎娶茜茜更适合的姐姐,而选了15岁的茜茜成为他的新娘的时候,所有的聚光灯便都射向了这位姑娘。当这位年轻的巴伐利亚女公爵坐着船旅行到新郎的首都时,欢呼的人群挤满了整个河道,都发狂似的要看看这个年轻的女孩,想看她为什么能打败欧洲所有其他年轻的贵族单身女子。
When Sisi arrived in Vienna, hers was already the most recognized face in the capital, despite the fact that she had never herself been to the city. The blue and white of her home land Bavaria’s flag instantly became the trendy colors of the season. Women in the capital began to wear their hair in braids, “a la Sisi,” in homage to the famous locks that had captured the emperor’s heart.
当茜茜到达维也纳的时候,她的容貌已经是首都里辨识度最高的了,尽管事实上她以前从未到过这个城市。她家乡巴伐利亚旗上蓝白相间之色很快成为了当时的流行色。首都的女人开始编发,“就像茜茜一样”,以此来表达对俘获皇帝欢心的发髻的敬意。
From that time onward, Sisi was stalked and pursued by the public and the media. When she became pregnant with the emperor’s first child, the crowds gathered outside the gates of the palace in order to catch a glimpse of the royal baby bump.
从那时开始,茜茜就被民众和媒体跟踪。当她怀上第一个皇室的孩子时,人群聚集在王宫门口,就为了一睹这个皇家孕妇的肚子。
The people, it seemed, could not get enough — and the papers could therefore not print enough — when it came to their leading lady’s fashion choices, her supposed intrigues at court, and the drama of her marriage and personal life. One funny example: when Empress Sisi opted out of attending the opening of the Suez Canal in Egypt in 1869, the Austrian media made much ado of Sisi’s supposed rivalry with the hostess of the opening ceremonies, Napoleon III’s beautiful wife, Empress Eugenie of France. Think:Team Taylor Swift vs. Team Katy Perry, but in much bigger dresses.
但是,人们似乎从来听不够--因而报纸也不厌其烦的一直讲述她的故事-关于这位第一夫人的时尚选择,宫的廷里的阴谋,她婚姻和私生活。举个有趣的例子,1869年,当茜茜皇后选择不出席埃及苏伊士运河的开通仪式时,奥地利媒体大费周章把这事怪到茜茜的所谓的敌人,也就是这个开通仪式上的女主人,拿破仑三世美丽的妻子,法国的欧仁妮皇后头上。试想一下:泰勒斯威夫特队伍对阵凯蒂·佩里队伍,只是都穿着大号的裙子而已。
A natural introvert, Sisi was both sensitive and shy, and thus horrified by the attention heaped on her. She rarely left her private chambers without a fan, a hat, an umbrella or a kerchief — tools she used to conceal her face from the gawking public and hounding press. I can’t help but think of Jennifer Aniston or some other hounded celebrity cowering behind a coat while scampering out of some Hollywood eatery.
茜茜天生内向,敏感、害羞,因而被汹涌而来的关注吓坏了。她很少不带扇子、帽子、雨伞或者头巾就离开内廷--她要这些工具用来隐藏自己的脸,躲避民众灼热的视线和不断追逼的媒体。我忍不住想起詹妮弗·安妮斯顿,还有其他被追逐的明星,他们蜷缩在外套里,疾速离开好莱坞餐馆。
Though pursued by the press at all times, Sisi developed an almost pathological fear of being photographed. In fact, as she aged, she would not even allow portraitists to render her likeness, but instead insisted that they rely on images already drawn from earlier in her well-documented life. Thus, the image that we have of Sisi through the decades remains remarkably youthful and fresh, perhaps even adding to the fascination that modern audiences have with her.
虽然始终被记者追着,茜茜却近乎病态的非常害怕拍照。事实上,随着她年纪渐长,她几乎不再让画师按照她本人的模样画像了,而坚持要求用她年轻时的肖像作为蓝本。这样一来,我们能看到的茜茜,不管经过多少岁月,都看上去非常年轻、精神饱满,这也更平添了人们对她无尽的幻想。
In so many ways, the life of Empress Sisi parallels that of England’s Princess Diana, but perhaps nowhere more is that comparison poignant than in the way the two leading ladies were stalked and scrutinized by avoracious press. And while many assert that Diana was hunted by the paparazzi even to the point of her tragic, premature death, the same might be said of Sisi. You see, Austria’s empress was traveling on one such incognita trip to Geneva when the local press caught wind of her presence in the city and plastered the news all over the papers. It was this attention that tipped off a nearby assassin and enticed the murderous Luigi Lucheni to stalk Sisi with his blade.
很多方面,茜茜皇后的生活和英国戴安娜王妃类似,但或许最令人难过的相似之处便是两位皇室夫人都被贪婪的记者跟踪。很多人断言戴安娜的早死是被狗仔队追踪的结果。这同样可以用来描述茜茜。你瞧,奥地利皇后低调旅行去日内瓦,当地记者闻风而动,她当时正在这个城市的消息占满了所有大小报纸的头条。正是这样的关注无形中给附近的杀手通风报信,诱使凶手伊吉·卢切尼持刀跟踪茜茜。
If Diana is the most notorious and memorable victim of the paparazzi, one might make the case that Sisi was the first, and that hers was a tale of equal tragedy.
如果说戴安娜仔队最著名的牺牲品,那么茜茜可以算是第一个牺牲品,她的故事同样可悲可叹。
文章节选自 “Meet Empress Sisi, the First Victim of the Modern Paparazzi” By Allison Pataki,哈小编 Ben 对本文翻译亦有贡献。