1楼慢吞吞
(好车费油好火费炭好菜费饭好女废汉)
发表于 2010-7-21 08:07
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学校老师暑假中给学生的一封关于阅读的信
我们将就读的这个高中,老师暑假会写很多EMAIL来,经常会特别关照暑假阅读的事.这封是就一个具体的阅读问题发的信,可以看到一些细节.可惜是全英文的, 不二妈妈或其他英文牛丽的妈妈可以普渡1下众生翻译下伐?
Some tips regarding Lord of the Flies
Guys:
I've been hearing that Lord of the Flies may be the most challenging of the three books you're required to read this summer, so I wanted to drop you a note of encouragement along with a few suggestions for what to consider as you read.
It's worth noting that we've been teaching this novel in our freshmen English classes for years (we won't this year because we're changing the curriculum a little), and each year it's been a favorite book of our students. Ask a sophomore you know why they liked it so much. The challenge for you will be that you won't get to "study" the book for two or three weeks; you won't get daily conversation about it with classmates and a teacher. So consider the following as you read:
First, the novel is a highly symbolic allegory. Yes, it's a story of a group of boys stranded on a tropical island after a plane crash, but it's also a story of human psychology, of political philosophy, and of the nature of man, among other things. The main symbols you'll want to consider are the conch, fire, Piggy's spectacles (eyeglasses), and the Beast. You can also consider Ralph, Jack, Piggy, and Simon as symbols too. Remember that a symbol is a concrete object (or in some cases a living thing) that represents an abstract idea.
Second, read the essay at the end of the book. If you are feeling especially clueless, go ahead and read it before you finish the book. It contains some spoilers, but it also gives some very clear interpretation of the novel. Golding (the author) had some pretty specific ideas he was trying to communicate through this novel, and he explains them in an interview, part of which is included in the essay.
Okay, if your eyes are glassing over, you can stop reading my email now and get back to the book (or any book for that matter). If you're curious to know more, read on for a bit of Freudian Psychology to go with your Lord of the Flies.
Feel free to email me back if you have questions, but most of all, read the story and wonder what you would do if you were in their shoes.
Sincerely,
Mr. XXXX
Still reading? Consider the following "Freudian view" of three of the main characters. Freud was a psychologist who studied human personality.
Freud came to see personality as having three aspects, which work together to produce all of our complex behaviors: the Id, the Ego and the Superego All 3 components need to be well-balanced in order to have good amount of psychological energy available and to have reasonable mental health.
THE ID (“It”): functions in the irrational and emotional part of the mind. At birth a baby’s mind is all Id - want want want. The Id is the primitive mind. It contains all the basic needs and feelings. It is the source for libido (psychic energy). And it has only one rule: the “pleasure principle”: “I want it and I want it all now”. In transactional analysis, Id equates to "Child". If the Id is too strong, a person is bound up in self-gratification and uncaring of others.
THE EGO: (“I”): functions with the rational part of the mind. The Ego develops out of growing awareness that you can’t always get what you want. The Ego relates to the real world and operates via the “reality principle”. The Ego realizes the need for compromise and negotiates between the Id and the Superego. The Ego's job is to get the Id's pleasures but to be reasonable and bear the long-term consequences in mind. The Ego denies both instant gratification and pious delaying of gratification. The term ego-strength is the term used to refer to how well the ego copes with these conflicting forces. To undertake its work of planning, thinking and controlling the Id, the Ego uses some of the Id's libidinal energy. In transactional analysis, Ego equates to "Adult". If the Ego is too strong a person is extremely rational and efficient, but cold, boring and distant
THE SUPEREGO (“Over-I”): The Superego is the last part of the mind to develop. It might be called the moral part of the mind. The Superego becomes an embodiment of parental and societal values. It stores and enforces rules. It constantly strives for perfection, even though this perfection ideal may be quite far from reality or possibility. Its power to enforce rules comes from its ability to create anxiety. The Superego has two subsystems: Ego Ideal and Conscience. The Ego Ideal provides rules for good behavior, and standards of excellence towards which the Ego must strive. The Ego ideal is basically what the child’s parents approve of or value. The Conscience is the rules about what constitutes bad behavior. The Conscience is basically all those things that the child feels mum or dad will disapprove of or punish. If the Superego is too strong the person feels guilty all the time, and may even have an insufferably saintly personality.
Finally, however, the Ego has a difficult time dealing with the competing demands of the Superego and the Id. According to the psychoanalytic view, this psychological conflict is an intrinsic and pervasive part of human experience. The conflict between the Id and Superego, negotiated by the Ego, is one of the fundamental psychological battles all people face. The way in which a person characteristically resolves the instant gratification vs. longer-term reward dilemma in many ways comes to reflect on their "character".
Having said all of that, which of the main characters might represent each of these parts of human personality? You could make a pretty good argument that Jack represents the Id. Think about why that might work.
Okay, enough for now. Feel free to email me back if you have questions, but most of all, read the story and wonder what you would do if you were in their shoes.
XXXXX
Dean of Day Students
[ 本帖最后由 慢吞吞 于 2010-7-21 08:11 编辑 ].
